文 | 阿尔法公社
特斯拉今天公布了它的“宏伟蓝图”4(Master Plan Part IV)。
“宏伟蓝图”4的核心内容是:利用AI和自主化技术,结合特斯拉在电动汽车、能源和机器人领域的制造实力,将AI带入物理世界,为技术的文艺复兴奠定基础,大规模地重新定义劳动力、出行和能源等社会基本构成要素,引领世界进入“可持续的富足” (Sustainable Abundance)。
特斯拉在2006年,2016年和2023年分别公布了“宏伟蓝图”的1-3部分,而这4部“宏伟蓝图”,聚焦的是同一个“北极星”:在毫不妥协的前提下,实现无限的可持续发展。
“宏伟蓝图”1-3阶段的具象化示意图(来源:特斯拉)
“宏伟蓝图”4的具象化示意图(来源:特斯拉)
特斯拉在第一阶段的宏图战略:汽车电动化(2006-2016年)它在这个阶段的主要产品包括Roadster(高端但小众的跑车), Model S(中高端轿车),Model X(中高端SUV,开始引入自动驾驶AutoPliot)以及Model 3(大众化的轿车),在这一阶段,特斯拉成为了全球电动汽车领头羊,并且为可持续能源和自动驾驶技术打好了基础。
特斯拉在第二阶段的宏图战略:可持续能源+交通生态系统(2016-2022年)它在这个阶段的主要产品包括基于Model 3平台开发的Model Y(大众化的SUV),Tesla Semi(商用电动汽车),Cybertruck(电动皮卡),以及Powerwall(针对家庭的储能)、Powerpack(针对中小企业的储能)和 Megapack(针对大厂的储能)等储能类产品。
此外,它的AutoPliot系统在软硬件方面都在进步。在这个阶段,特斯拉发布了自动驾驶算力系统Autopilot Hardware2.0/3.0,AutoPliot的软件也更新到了FSD v10版本,具备自动变道,自动停车等针对高速公路和停车场的自主化功能。
值得注意的是,在这个阶段的后半部分,即2021年起,特斯拉开始研发Dojo系列AI训练芯片,并且推出了Tesla Bot(后改名Optimus)的原型版本,它向AI方向的发展已经初现端倪。
特斯拉在第三阶段的宏图战略:可持续能源+智能交通生态系统+深入开发AI 和机器人技术(2023年-2025年)在这个阶段,特斯拉除了继续迭代已有的电动汽车外,发力最集中的方向就是AI,具体来说,是AI与物理世界的交汇处。
Optimus人形机器人分拣电池(来源:特斯拉)
例如,特斯拉在2023年正式发布了Optimus Gen 2,这个人形机器人相比前代重量减轻10公斤,行走速度提升30%。它可以拾取物体和跳舞,在2024年还进入Gigafactory工厂完成电池分拣的实际任务。
特斯拉的AutoPliot也在这个阶段迎来了史诗级的提升,FSD v12抛弃了雷达,采取了纯视觉的硬件感知方案,并且在软件方面实现了从基于规则的系统向端到端神经网络的转变,这意味着搭载AutoPliot的特斯拉汽车积累的里程越多,数据越多,它就能变得越强。
在2024年10月,特斯拉发布了它的Robotaxi服务,并且在2025年6月正式在奥斯汀推出了这项服务,这意味着它的智能交通生态系统初步成形。
以上三项革新,机器人,自动驾驶和基于自动驾驶的服务,它们都处于AI与物理世界的交汇处。而就在今天,特斯拉的“宏伟蓝图”4明确提出了将AI带入物理世界的计划,这彻底成为了特斯拉的主要方向。
将AI带入物理世界为什么重要?有两个方面是重点。
第一,AI的持续发展需要海量的数据,但人类此前积累的数据基本已被AI用完了。AI需要新的数据来源,只能从物理世界中找。
所以特斯拉发展了自动驾驶汽车,发展了人形机器人,全球的大厂和创业者们不断地推出各种各样形态地AI原生硬件,包括但不限于智能戒指Oura Ring、智能眼镜Meta Ray-ban,智能手环Whoop、智能录音设备Plaud等。
这些AI原生硬件,不断地积累真实物理世界中,各个层面的数据;这些数据就可能成为AI模型的养料,这样Scaling Law可能持续起效,我们得以继续向AGI的方向进发。
第二,文本框不是AI的终极形态,它需要一个“身体”。当AI拥有了物理的“身体”,能够与物理世界交互,它才能不再局限于云端运行的方式,不再只服务于少数特定的场景,而是涌进工厂、车辆、供应链、能源系统,乃至与我们人类形影不离。
这个市场究竟能有多大?它显然至少有数万亿美元的规模,光是汽车就有接近4万亿美元,还不要说随身智能设备(手机/可穿戴设备)、工业自动化、能源、先进材料、物流、建筑和医疗保健。
AI与物理世界的交汇会诞生巨大的结构性机会,尤其以AI原生硬件赛道为代表,不仅是因为它有巨大的市场,还包括中国在这个方向上的产业链和人才优势。阿尔法公社非常看好这个赛道的机会,并已完成对光帆科技、光智时空(Looki)、清智元视(Pixboom)、玄源科技(X-Origin-AI)等近十家AI原生硬件的初创公司的早期投资,绝大多数为项目的首轮投资人。我们非常看好这个赛道团队的发展,持续出手,期待与这个赛道的更多初创团队交流合作。
以下是特斯拉“宏伟蓝图”4(Master Plan Part IV)的全文:
Master Plan Part IV宏伟蓝图4Introduction
引言
Since Tesla’s founding, each iteration of our master plan has focused on our north star: to deliver unconstrained sustainability without compromise.
自Tesla成立以来,我们每一版的宏图规划都聚焦于我们的“北极星”:在毫不妥协的前提下,实现无限的可持续发展。
Humans are toolmakers. At Tesla, we make physical products at scale and at a low cost with the goal of making life better for everyone.
人类是工具的创造者。在Tesla,我们大规模、低成本地制造实体产品,旨在让每个人的生活更加美好。
As the influence and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology increases, the mission set forth in Master Plan Part IV should come as no surprise.
随着人工智能(AI)技术的影响力与日俱增,“宏伟蓝图”4所阐明的使命也就不足为奇了。
This next chapter in Tesla’s story will help create a world we've only just begun to imagine and will do so at a scale that we have yet to see. We are building the products and services that bring AI into the physical world. We have been working tirelessly for nearly two decades to create the foundation for this technological renaissance through the development of electric vehicles, energy products and humanoid robots.
Tesla 故事的下一个篇章,将帮助我们创造一个才刚刚开始想象的世界,其规模将前所未见。我们正在打造能将人工智能带入物理世界的产品与服务。近二十年来,我们通过发展电动汽车、能源产品和仿人机器人,为这场技术复兴不懈地奠定基础。
Now, we are combining our manufacturing capabilities with our autonomous prowess to deliver new products and services that will accelerate global prosperity and human thriving driven by economic growth shared by all. We are unifying our hardware and software at scale, and in doing so, we are creating a safer, cleaner and more enjoyable world.
现在,我们将制造能力与自主技术实力相结合,推出全新的产品与服务,以加速由普惠经济增长驱动的全球繁荣与人类兴盛。我们正大规模地整合硬件与软件,并借此创造一个更安全、更清洁、更愉悦的世界。
This is sustainable abundance.
这就是“可持续的富足”。
Guiding principles指导原则Growth is infinite.
增长是无限的
Growth in one area does not require decline in another. Shortages in resources can be remedied by improved technology, greater innovation and new ideas.
一个领域的增长,并不意味着另一领域的衰退。资源短缺可以通过改进技术、深化创新和提出新思想来解决。
The technologies that gave us the ability to power machines led to industrial revolutions that have widened our economic landscape, creating more opportunities for all. Groundbreaking inventions like the semiconductor and the internet have expanded—not diminished—social and economic opportunities across all aspects of the human experience, from creating more jobs to providing greater access to information to enabling deeper interpersonal connections.
赋予我们驱动机器能力的技术引发了工业革命,拓宽了我们的经济版图,为所有人创造了更多机遇。半导体和互联网等突破性发明,在人类体验的方方面面都扩大了——而非减少了——社会和经济机会,从创造更多就业岗位,到提供更广泛的信息渠道,再到建立更深层的人际联系。
Our desire to push beyond what is considered achievable will foster the growth needed for truly sustainable abundance.
我们渴望超越现有成就,这将促进实现真正“可持续的富足”所需的增长。
Innovation removes constraints.
创新消除制约
For centuries, humanity's primary mode of transportation was the horse. Then, over the last fifty-plus years, cars with internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels became the standard and expected transportation method. The idea that batteries could be produced affordably and at a scale large enough to pivot the transportation industry away from fossil fuels seemed a fool’s errand—until Tesla led the way forward.
数个世纪以来,人类主要的交通工具是马。而在过去五十多年里,由化石燃料驱动的内燃机汽车成为了标准且理所当然的出行方式。以可负担的成本大规模生产电池,从而推动交通行业摆脱对化石燃料的依赖——这个想法曾被视为痴人说梦,直到 Tesla 引领了前行的道路。
Through continued innovation, we have overcome the technological constraints of battery development and built an industry powered by renewable resources.
通过持续创新,我们克服了电池发展的技术制约,并建立了一个由可再生资源驱动的产业。
Technology solves tangible problems.
技术解决实际问题
The products and services born out of the acceleration toward sustainable abundance will advance humanity by solving real-world problems. To further accelerate our innovation, we build each product more efficiently and more sustainably than the last.
在向“可持续的富足”加速迈进的过程中应运而生的产品与服务,将通过解决现实世界的问题来推动人类进步。为进一步加速创新,我们打造的每一款新产品都比上一代更高效、更可持续。
Solar energy generation and large-scale battery storage are increasing the availability and reliability of clean electricity in our communities—and are doing so more affordably and more sustainably.
太阳能发电和大规模电池储能正在提升社区清洁电力的可用性与可靠性,并且实现方式更经济、更可持续。
Autonomous vehicles have the capacity to dramatically improve the affordability, availability and safety of transportation while reducing pollution, particularly in our increasingly dense global cities.
自动驾驶汽车有能力显著改善交通的经济性、可及性和安全性,同时减少污染,尤其是在我们日益密集的全球城市中。
Optimus—our autonomous humanoid robot—is changing not only the perception of labor itself but its availability and capability. Jobs and tasks that are particularly monotonous or dangerous can now be accomplished by other means. In this way, Optimus’s mission is to give people back more time to do what they love.
Optimus——我们的自主人形机器人——不仅在改变人们对劳动本身的认知,也在改变劳动的可得性与能力。那些尤其单调或危险的工作与任务,现在可以由其他方式完成。这样,Optimus 的使命便是将更多时间归还给人们,让他们去做自己热爱的事情。
Autonomy must benefit all of humanity.
自主技术必须造福全人类
The tools we make at Tesla help us build the products that advance human prosperity.
我们在 Tesla 制造的工具,帮助我们打造推动人类繁荣的产品。
How we develop and use autonomy—and the new capabilities it makes available to us—should be informed by its ability to enhance the human condition. Making daily life better—and safer—for all people through our autonomous technology has always been, and continues to be, our focus.
我们应如何发展和运用自主技术及其带来的新能力,取决于它能否提升人类的生存境况。通过我们的自主技术,让所有人的日常生活更美好、更安全,这一直是、且将继续是我们的核心关注点。
Greater access drives greater growth.
更广泛的普及推动更强劲的增长
Making technologically advanced products that are affordable and available at scale is required to build a flourishing and unconstrained society. It serves to further democratize society while raising everyone’s quality of life in the process. The hallmark of meritocracy is creating opportunities that enable each person to use their skills to accomplish whatever they imagine.
大规模地制造价格合理、供应充足的先进技术产品,是构建一个繁荣且不受约束的社会所必需的。这有助于进一步推动社会的普惠化,并在此过程中提升每个人的生活品质。精英社会的标志在于创造机会,让每个人都能运用自身技能去实现所想。
Everyone deserves access to these opportunities, and technological growth can help ensure that each of us is able to maximize our most limited resource: time.
每个人都应享有这些机会,而技术发展有助于确保我们每个人都能最大化利用我们最有限的资源:时间。
We’re accelerating the world’s transition tosustainable abundance.我们正在加速世界向“可持续富足”的转型We must make one thing clear: this challenge will be extremely difficult to overcome. The elimination of scarcity will require tireless and exquisite execution. Some will perceive it as impossible. And plenty of others will laud every obstacle and setback we inevitably encounter along the way. But once we overcome this challenge, our critics will come to see that what they once thought was impossible is indeed possible. And that will be fine with us, because what matters most is that, together, we create a sustainable and truly abundant future for generations to come.
我们必须明确一点:这项挑战将极难克服。消除稀缺性需要不懈且精湛的执行。有些人会认为这不可能实现。还有很多人会为我们沿途不可避免遇到的每个障碍和挫折而喝彩。但一旦我们克服了这一挑战,我们的批评者将会看到,他们曾经认为不可能的事情确实是可能的。这对我们而言并无大碍,因为最重要的是,我们能共同为子孙后代创造一个可持续且真正富足的未来。
All worthwhile journeys are long. And they all begin with a first step.
所有值得的旅程都是漫长的,而一切都始于第一步。
Our first step was to make an exciting sports car—Roadster. Then we leveraged those profits to fund the development and production of more affordable, yet still exciting products—Model S and Model X. Then we repeated the process, bringing us to Model 3 and Model Y and onward.
我们的第一步是打造一款激动人心的跑车——Roadster。接着,我们利用其利润资助了更亲民但同样令人兴奋的产品——Model S 和 Model X 的研发与生产。我们重复这一过程,推出了 Model 3 和 Model Y,并不断前行。
This process required us to take many steps, some of them small and others large. But ultimately each win led to another win, and even with our failures, we were able to keep building momentum. Our momentum allowed us to build out a fully integrated ecosystem of sustainable products, from transport to energy generation, battery storage and robotics.
这个过程需要我们迈出许多步,有小步也有大步。但最终,每一次成功都引向了下一次成功,即使经历失败,我们也得以持续积蓄势能。这股势能让我们能够建立一个从交通、能源生产、电池存储到机器人的全面整合的可持续产品生态系统。
Today we are on the cusp of a revolutionary period primed for unprecedented growth. And this time it will not be a single step but a leap forward for Tesla and humanity as a whole. The tools we are going to develop will help us build the kind of world that we've always dreamed of—a world of sustainable abundance—by redefining the fundamental building blocks of labor, mobility and energy at scale and for all.
今天,我们正处在一个革命性时期的开端,准备迎接前所未有的增长。而这一次,对 Tesla 和全人类而言,将不再是单一的步伐,而是一次飞跃。我们将要开发的工具,将通过大规模地为所有人重新定义劳动力、出行和能源的基石,帮助我们构建一个我们一直梦想的世界——一个“可持续富足”的世界。
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